In this article, Dr. Ashraf Keshk assesses NATO’s warnings about Iran’s drones and missiles being used against Ukraine, comparing these warnings with the previous leniency demonstrated during the lengthy and futile negotiations by the 5+1 countries on Iran’s nuclear portfolio, while pointing out the opportunities to develop the defense partnership with Gulf States considering this dangerous development and NATO States’ need for Gulf energy security.

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Dr. Ashraf Keshk, Senior Research Fellow